Kev tsim, kev ua, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv TPU

TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)yog ib hom polyurethane uas tuaj yeem ua kom yas los ntawm cua sov thiab tuaj yeem yaj los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Piv nrog rau hom sib xyaw thiab hom casting polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane tsis muaj lossis me ntsis kev sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab nws cov molecules yog cov kab ncaj, tab sis muaj qee qhov kev sib pauv lub cev.
Lub tswv yim ntawm qhov hu ua kev sib pauv lub cev, thawj zaug tau hais los ntawm Schollenberger CS hauv xyoo 1958, hais txog qhov muaj cov "kev sib txuas" rov qab tau ntawm cov saw hlau polyurethane molecular thaum raug cua sov lossis cov kuab tshuaj. Nws tsis yog qhov sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg. Tab sis nws ua haujlwm ua qhov sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg. Vim yog qhov kev sib txuas lub cev no, polyurethane tsim cov qauv morphological heterogeneous, thiab kev sib txuas hydrogen ntawm polyurethane ua rau nws cov morphology muaj zog thiab ua rau nws tiv taus cov av noo ntau dua.

Kev faib tawm ntawm TPU yog dab tsi

Tam sim no peb paub tias TPU yog dab tsi, nws cov kev faib tawm yog dab tsi? Raws li cov qauv kev faib tawm sib txawv, TPU tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm sib txawv.

Piv txwv li, raws li cov qauv ntawm cov ntu mos, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom polyester, hom polyether thiab hom butadiene, uas muaj pawg ester, pawg ether lossis pawg butene feem. Raws li cov qauv ntu nyuaj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom urethane thiab hom urethane urea, uas tau txais los ntawm diol saw extenders lossis diamine saw extenders. Qhov kev faib dav dav yog muab faib ua hom polyester thiab hom polyether.
Raws li qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj kev sib txuas, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov thermoplastic ntshiab thiab semi-thermoplastic. Tus thawj yog cov qauv ntshiab linear tsis muaj kev sib txuas sib txuas; qhov kawg muaj me me ntawm allophanate thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas sib txuas. Raws li kev siv cov khoom tiav, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb (ntau yam khoom siv kho tshuab), cov kav dej (sheaths, rod profiles), cov yeeb yaj kiab (cov ntawv, cov ntawv), cov nplaum, cov txheej txheem, thiab cov fibers.

TPU synthesized li cas

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm TPU, lawv txhua tus koom nrog polyurethane hauv cov qauv molecular. Yog li nws tuaj ua ke li cas? Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, nws feem ntau muab faib ua cov polymerization ntau thiab cov kua polymerization.

Hauv kev ua polymerization ntau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua txoj kev ua ntej polymerization thiab txoj kev ib kauj ruam raws li seb puas muaj kev ua ntej: txoj kev ua ntej polymerization yog los tshuaj xyuas diisocyanate nrog macromolecular diol rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov saw txuas ntxiv los tsim TPU; Molecular diols, diisoesters thiab saw txuas ntxiv tau sib xyaw ua ke thiab tshuaj xyuas los ua TPU.
Kev ua kom cov tshuaj polymerization yog ua ntej yaj diisocyanate hauv cov kuab tshuaj, tom qab ntawd ntxiv macromolecular diol kom nws ua haujlwm rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab thaum kawg ntxiv cov saw hlau txuas ntxiv los tsim TPU.
Hom ntu mos, qhov hnyav molecular, ntu tawv lossis cov ntsiab lus ntu mos thiab TPU lub xeev sib sau ua ke ntawm TPU yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm TPU. Qhov ceev yog nruab nrab ntawm 1.10 thiab 1.25, uas tsis txawv ntawm lwm cov roj hmab thiab yas. Ntawm tib qhov nyuaj, qhov ceev ntawm polyether TPU qis dua li ntawm polyester TPU.

TPU ua tiav li cas

TPU resin yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ua cov khoom tiav, thiab TPU feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev yaj thiab txoj kev daws teeb meem. Nws cov qauv molecular yog ib lub thaiv khov kho tau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) lossis toluene diisocyanate (TDI) nrog lub saw hlau txuas thiab diisocyanate xws li diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) lossis toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Cov molecules thiab macromolecular polyols teb rau cov ntu hloov pauv.

Kev ua cov khoom yaj yog ib qho txheej txheem uas siv ntau hauv kev lag luam yas: xws li kev sib tov, calendering, extrusion, tshuab molding thiab molding (suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj, compression, hloov pauv thiab centrifugation thiab lwm yam. Kev ua cov kua yog kev yaj cov pellets hauv cov kuab tshuaj lossis polymerization ncaj qha hauv cov kuab tshuaj Tom qab ua cov kua, txheej, tig, thiab lwm yam.
TPU yog ua rau cov khoom kawg, uas feem ntau tsis xav tau vulcanization thiab cross-linking reaction, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub voj voog ntau lawm luv dua, thiab cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm TPU

Zoo li cov polyurethane cam khwb cia (kua) thiab cov polyurethane sib xyaw (khoom), TPU muaj cov modulus siab, lub zog siab, elongation siab thiab elasticity siab, hnav tsis kam zoo, roj tsis kam, kub tsis kam thiab laus tsis kam. Ntawm lawv, lub zog tensile siab, elongation siab, thiab compression tsis kam ntev yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm TPU.

1. Lub zog tensile siab thiab siab elongation
TPU muaj lub zog tensile thiab elongation zoo heev. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim duab hauv qab no, peb tuaj yeem pom tias lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm polyether TPU zoo dua li ntawm polyvinyl chloride yas thiab roj hmab.

Ntxiv rau, TPU tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam zaub mov yam tsis ntxiv lossis ntxiv ob peb yam khoom ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ua, uas nyuaj rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li PVC thiab roj hmab.

2. Kev muaj zog yog qhov rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias
Qhov kev ua siab ntev ntawm TPU yog hais txog qib kev rov qab sai sai rau nws cov duab qub tom qab kev ntxhov siab deformation raug tso tawm, uas yog qhia los ntawm lub zog rov qab, uas yog, qhov sib piv ntawm kev ua haujlwm deformation retraction rau kev ua haujlwm xav tau rau kev deformation. Nws yog ib qho haujlwm ntawm dynamic modulus thiab kev sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm elastomer thiab rhiab heev rau qhov kub.

Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav poob qis nrog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kom txog thaum muaj qee qhov kub thiab txias, qhov elasticity nce ntxiv sai dua. Qhov kub no yog qhov kub crystallization ntawm cov ntu mos, uas nyob ntawm cov qauv ntawm macromolecular diol, thiab polyether TPU qis dua polyester TPU. Thaum qhov kub qis dua qhov kub crystallization, elastomer ua nyuaj heev thiab poob nws cov elasticity, yog li ntawd, rebound zoo ib yam li rebounding tawm ntawm qhov chaw hlau tawv.

3. Qhov nyuaj yog Shore A60 ~ D80
Qhov nyuaj yog qhov qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv taus kev hloov pauv, khawb thiab khawb.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm TPU tuaj yeem hloov kho tau los ntawm kev kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov saw hlau mos thiab tawv. Yog li ntawd, TPU muaj qhov nyuaj ntau yam. Nws qhov nyuaj yog txij li Shore A60 txog D80, uas suav nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm roj hmab thiab yas, thiab muaj ntau yam nyuaj hauv tag nrho qhov nyuaj. Siab elasticity.
Nrog rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov nyuaj, qee yam khoom ntawm TPU yuav hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov nyuaj ntawm TPU nce ntxiv, yuav muaj kev hloov pauv kev ua tau zoo xws li kev nce tensile modulus thiab lub zog tsim kua muag, kev nce rigidity thiab kev ntxhov siab compressive (load capacity), txo qis elongation, nce density thiab dynamic heat generation, thiab nce environmental resistance.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm TPU

TPU tau ua tiav thawj zaug ua lag luam los ntawm American Goodrich Chemical Company (tam sim no yog Lubrizol) hauv xyoo 1958, thiab txij li thaum ntawd los tau tshawb fawb thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm TPU cov khoom siv raw feem ntau suav nrog BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical, Shanghai Hengan, Ruihua, Asahikawa Chemical thiab lwm yam.
Ua ib qho elastomer nrog kev ua tau zoo heev, TPU muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom siv kis las, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam. Nov yog ob peb qhov piv txwv.
1. Cov khoom siv khau
TPU siv rau hauv cov khoom siv khau vim nws qhov elasticity zoo heev thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov khoom khau uas muaj TPU zoo dua li cov khoom khau ib txwm, yog li lawv siv dav hauv cov khoom khau siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov khau kis las thiab khau yooj yim.


2. Cov Hluav Taws Xob
Vim tias TPU hose muaj qhov mos mos, lub zog tensile zoo, lub zog cuam tshuam thiab qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, TPU hose yog siv dav hauv Suav teb rau kev thauj roj thiab roj ntawm dav hlau, tank, tsheb, maus taus, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab hose.



3. Siv hlua hlau
TPU muab kev tiv thaiv kev tsim kua muag, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev khoov, thiab kev tiv thaiv kub siab thiab qis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cable. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev ua lag luam Suav teb, TPU rau cov cables siab, xws li cov cables tswj thiab cov cables fais fab, yog siv los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv txheej ntawm cov cables nrog cov qauv tsim nyuaj, thiab nws cov kev siv tau dhau los ua ntau dua thiab ntau dua.



4. Cov khoom siv kho mob
TPU yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov, thiab zoo dua lwm txoj hauv kev rau PVC. Nws yuav tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li phthalate, thiab yuav mus rau hauv cov ntshav lossis lwm yam kua hauv cov catheters kho mob lossis cov hnab kho mob kom ua rau muaj kev phiv. Qib extrusion thiab qib txhaj tshuaj TPU tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis hauv cov khoom siv PVC uas twb muaj lawm.