PC hollow daim ntawv extrusion kab

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam ntawm cov txheej txheem polymerisation rau polycarbonate PC

PC khoobdaim ntawv extrusion kabPolycarbonate (PC) yog ib qho polymer uas muaj cov pab pawg carbonate hauv cov saw molecular, cov qauv molecular tau qhia hauv cov mis.

PC yog ib qho polymer uas yuav luag tsis muaj xim, zoo li iav, thiab tsis muaj duab zoo li iav, nws muaj cov khoom zoo rau kev pom kev zoo, tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, tiv taus cov kua qaub thiab alkali tsis muaj zog thiab cov roj tsis muaj zog. PC muaj qhov hnyav molecular siab, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus hydrolysis, rhiab heev rau chipping, tsis tiv taus khawb, yooj yim rau qee cov organic solvents, daj thaum raug lub teeb ultraviolet ntev thiab siv tsis tau rau cov khoom uas raug cua siab ntau zaus.

PC muaj peev xwm muab faib ua aliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic-aromatic thiab lwm hom raws li cov qauv ntawm pawg ester, ntawm cov aliphatic thiab aliphatic-aromatic PC muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab qis dua, txwv lawv daim ntawv thov hauv cov yas engineering; tsuas yog aromatic PC tau tsim tawm hauv kev lag luam kom deb li deb. Vim nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, PC tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov yas engineering dav dav uas loj hlob sai tshaj plaws nrog kev ua tau zoo heev thiab siv dav hauv cov teb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov thawv ntawv, kev lag luam tsheb, cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, thiab tab tom nthuav dav mus rau hauv cov teb tshiab xws li aerospace thiab aviation, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov ntaub ntawv optoelectronic.

Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom PC

Tam sim no, muaj peb txoj kev tsim khoom rau PC, uas yog photogas interface polycondensation (tseem hu ua photogas txoj kev), molten ester pauv polycondensation thiab non-photogas molten ester pauv polycondensation.

1. Photogas interfacial polycondensation

Ua ntej, CO tau txais los ntawm kev oxidation ib nrab thiab kev ntxuav ntawm coking thee lossis cov alkanes qis-carbon, thaum cov NaCl aqueous yog electrolysed kom tau Cl2 thiab NaOH. cov CO uas tshwm sim yog reacted nrog Cl2 los tsim cov khoom siv raw phosgene, uas dhau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog BPA hauv CH2Cl2 kua los tsim PC.

Ntxiv mus, NaOH uas tsim los ntawm electrolysis ua haujlwm ua tus catalyst hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj PC tau txais yog thawj zaug ntxuav los ntawm kev ntxuav nrog dej ntau, tom qab ntawd ntxiv hexane lossis toluene thiab distillation kom tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj xws li CH2Cl2 kom tau txais PC pellets. Lub PC qhuav yog granulated siv lub tshuab granulator yaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov siab atmospheric thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib cais tom qab polycondensation tshuaj tiv thaiv, niam cawv los ntawm centrifugation, dichloromethane thiab hydrochloric acid yog rov ua dua tshiab.

Cov txheej txheem no yog mature, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog siab, tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb rau qhov huv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias qis thiab qhov siab qis, tab sis cov chloride ions seem hauv cov txheej txheem npaj yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv raw yog cov phosgene lom heev, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, thaum cov roj pov tseg thiab dej pov tseg tsim tawm yog loj.

GE (General Electric) Plastics, Bayer thiab Mitsubishi Chemical sib xyaw ua ke cov dej noo thiab cov dej nag hauv cov txheej txheem tom qab kho kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv uas yaj tau nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov khoom ua kom qhuav thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxuav.

2. Yaj Ester Exchange Polycondensation
Melt Ester Exchange Polycondensation yog raws li phenol ua raw khoom, DPC yog thawj zaug npaj los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam photogasification, tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov catalysts (xws li lithium halide, lithium hydroxide, lithium txhuas halide thiab boron hydroxide, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov additives, tom qab ntawd cov oligomer tau txais los ntawm ester pauv tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog bisphenol A, thiab ntxiv polycondensation kom tau txais cov khoom PC, cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv tau qhia hauv kab zauv (3).

Cov txheej txheem no pheej yig dua li photogas interfacial polycondensation thiab yooj yim heev thiab tsim cov dej khib nyiab thiab roj tsawg dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tseem xav tau kev siv cov phosgene lom heev hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv raw DPC, thiab cov khoom tsis huv Cl-muaj peev xwm ua rau cov alkaline catalyst tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj zog, txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm PC thaum tseem ua rau cov khoom siv daj.

3. Txoj kev sib pauv polycondensation uas tsis yog phosgene yaj
Xyoo 1978 GE Plastics thawj zaug tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv pov thawj rau oxidative carbonylation ntawm phenol nrog CO thiab O2 siv Pd ua tus catalyst los tsim DPC, uas tom qab ntawd tau pauv nrog BPA hauv lub xeev molten los tsim PC, raws li qhia hauv kab zauv (4).

Cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidative carbonylation ntawm methanol nrog CO thiab O2 los tsim dimethyl carbonate (DMC) tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug los ntawm Romano et al. xyoo 1980. DMC tom qab ntawd tau dhau los ua ester pauv tshuaj nrog phenol los tsim toluene carbonate (MPC), MPC tsis sib npaug los tsim DPC, thiab DPC tau dhau los ua ester pauv polycondensation tshuaj nrog bisphenol A hauv lub xeev molten los tsim cov khoom PC, raws li qhia hauv cov mis (5).

Xyoo 1993, GE Plastics tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm PC los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis yog phosgene siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob biaxial nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 25,000t / a siv CO ua cov khoom siv raw.

CO2 yog ib yam khoom siv tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis kub hnyiab, thiab siv tau dua tshiab, thiab nws cov dej num qis dua piv rau CO, tab sis nws kuj siv tau ua ib lub copolymer monomer los tsim PC. ningbo zhejiang iron dafeng chemical co., ltd. hauv Suav teb tau tsim ib txoj kev tsim PC uas tsis yog phosgene siv CO2 thiab propylene oxide ua cov khoom siv raw, thiab lub peev xwm tsim tau txhua xyoo tam sim no yog 100,000 t. Asahi Kasei hauv Nyiv Pooj kuj tau tsim ib txoj kev rau kev tsim PC los ntawm txoj kev tsis yog phosgene siv CO2, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 2. Qhov no tau pom hauv Daim Duab 2.
Cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav hauv ib puag ncig anhydrous (tshwj tsis yog dej txias) yam tsis siv cov khoom siv corrosive. Cov khoom by-product methanol thiab phenol tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv tau 2 cov khoom ntawm PC zoo thiab MEG purity siab yam tsis muaj pov tseg lossis dej khib nyiab.
Cov txheej txheem no tsis siv cov tshuaj lom, muaj kev siv atomic siab thiab tsis muaj kuab paug. Cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom seem ntau dhau tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, uas tswj tau cov nqi tsim khoom zoo.

Kev lag luam PC thiab kev loj hlob yav tom ntej

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv thov tshiab, PC tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov yas engineering loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Western Europe thiab Nyiv, qhov twg Bayer, GE Plastics, Dow Chemical thiab Teijin tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb PC tsim khoom thiab kev ua lag luam.

Xyoo 2020, thaj tsam Asia-Pacific yuav suav txog li 72.6% ntawm kev thov PC thoob ntiaj teb, thiab Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb tus tsim khoom thiab tus neeg siv khoom PC loj tshaj plaws. Nrog kev txhawb nqa zoo ntawm cov cai hauv tebchaws, thiab kev qhia txog thev naus laus zis PC hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev koom tes ua lag luam thiab kev loj hlob tas mus li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom hauv tsev, cov haujlwm tsim khoom PC loj tau raug nqis peev rau, ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim khoom PC hauv tsev ntau ntxiv, yog li kev lag luam no tau coj cov hauv kev tshiab los tsim kho.

Cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab rau cov txheej txheem tsim PC yog qhov siab heev, thiab Tuam Tshoj pib lig. ua ntej xyoo 2015, txhua lub Hoobkas tsim PC hauv tebchaws tau tsim los ntawm kev sib koom tes lossis kev qhia txog thev naus laus zis, thiab lub peev xwm tsim khoom tau tsom mus rau ntau yam. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov tuam txhab xws li Wanhua Chemical thiab Sichuan Zhonglan Guohua New Material tau tsim ntau yam thev naus laus zis tsim PC nrog cov cai tswjfwm kev txawj ntse ywj pheej, uas tau ua rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam PC txhim kho thiab loj hlob.

Tam sim no, lub peev xwm tsim khoom tshiab hauv ntiaj teb feem ntau yog nyob hauv Suav teb. Xyoo 2019 Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm tsim khoom PC yog 1.66 lab t, nce 31.74% xyoo-rau-xyoo, nrog rau kev siv peev xwm ntawm 58%. Xyoo 2020 Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm tsim khoom PC nce mus txog 2.44 lab t/a thiab kev tsim khoom nce mus txog 1.185 lab t.

PC tau suav nrog hauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis hauv tebchaws, cov lag luam tseem ceeb uas tab tom tsim tshiab thiab kaum qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas tau piav qhia hauv "Ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb 2025". Txhawb nqa los ntawm cov cai hauv tebchaws thiab kev nqis peev loj heev rau hauv lub peev xwm tsim khoom hauv tsev, kev ua lag luam PC hauv tsev yav tom ntej yuav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas kev muab khoom ntau dua li qhov xav tau, nrog rau kev kwv yees ntawm 2.41 lab t / a ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom PC yuav raug tso tawm hauv Suav teb los ntawm 2023, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd Tuam Tshoj tag nrho lub peev xwm tsim khoom PC yuav ze li ntawm 3.6 lab t / a.

Piv nrog rau lub peev xwm tsim khoom PC uas loj hlob sai, qhov kev thov rov qab tsis tau tso tawm tib lub sijhawm. Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv PC qeeb qeeb thiab kev lag luam tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev txhim kho. PC ib txwm muaj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw, tab sis cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam siab heev. Thaum nthuav dav kev tsim khoom ntawm kev kub ceev, cov tuam txhab hauv tsev yuav tsum txhawb nqa qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom thiab hloov qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom lag luam qis dua thiab tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam siab kom loj hlob thiab txhim kho hauv kev sib tw ua lag luam hnyav.

Ntawm peb txoj kev tsim khoom loj ntawm PC, txoj kev tsis yog phosgene tsis ua rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam, kev nqis peev tsawg, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim, uas yuav yog qhov kev coj ua yav tom ntej ntawm PC. Tam sim no, tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm DPC siab-purity tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev tsim cov catalysts zoo, thiab ntxiv rau, cov reactors ua haujlwm siab tuaj yeem tsim los ua kom lawv haum rau kev tsim cov PC prepolymers nrog cov viscosity yaj siab.

Txawm hais tias lub peev xwm tsim khoom thiab kev siv PC hauv Suav teb tab tom nce ntxiv, cov khoom feem ntau yog cov khoom siv yooj yim, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev ntim khoom, zaj duab xis thiab ntawv, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau kev siv nqaim thiab cov nyiaj tau los tsawg. Cov khoom lag luam siab siv hauv tsheb, khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam teb tseem nyob ntawm kev koom tes lossis cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws. Nrog rau kev tso tawm ntxiv ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom, kev muab khoom thiab kev thov maj mam los ze rau qhov sib npaug, kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam PC tab tom nce ntxiv thiab cov tuam txhab tab tom ntsib cov teeb meem loj. Tshem tawm cov thev naus laus zis tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig, txo cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw PC, tswj thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov khoom ua tau zoo, txo kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv, txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab nce kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv tsev yog qhov kev coj ua yav tom ntej ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam PC.